Woven pile fabric.



T-. B. DORNAN. WOVEN PILE FABRIC.

APLLIOATION FILED AUG. 16, 1905.

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' A, 7 [i2 aerator: KIZ6JU 636. a 7: A H a PATENTED JUNE 19, 1906- No. 823,996. PATENTED JUNE 19, 1906.

1. B. DORNAN.-

WOVEN PILE FABRIC.

APILIOATION FILED AUG. 16, 1995.

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fizz/"9226021" 91m, 69912260994" MMM ' UNITED STATES PATENT oFFIoE.

THOMAS BENTON. DORNAN, or PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA. WOVEN PILE FAB IC. I

ivo. 823,996.

Specification of Letters Patent. p ication fired August 16, 1906. Serial No. 274,372.

"fates-ted June 19, 1966;

To all whom it may concern;

Be it known that I, THoMAs BENTON DOR- NAN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Irn rovements in Woven Pile Fabrics, of which t e following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings, forming a part thereof.

My-invention relates to woven pile fabrics, and has for its obj'ectstightweaving and effective tying of the pile-loops, economy in the material employed, and simplicity of construction, and particularly aconstruction capable of being rapidly and effectively woven.

In pile fabrics, such as are knownas three shot, as heretofore made the weft-threads have beeninclosed in loopsof binder war threadsin groups of three weft-threads eac and ordinarily a single loop ortuft of pile warp-threads has been provided for each of 1 these groups of three weft-threads. Another construction of three-shot pile fabric is that disclosed in my Patent No. 773,130, dated October 25, 1904, in which the pile is compile-loo osed of threads bound by weft-threads in i j oth the upper and lower plies of the fabric thread of each of employed.

My present invention aims to attain the a in each group of three weft threads orbound by each weft-thread throughout the fabric.

advantage over ordinary three-shot of a greater numberof pile-loops in proportion to the weft-threads and to'attain this advantage by a construction of fabric in which none of the pileloops' are bound by weftthreads in the lower ply.

My invention includesthe revision of a for each weft-thread of the upper ply of t e fabric with twice as many weftthreads in theupper ply as in the lower ply, thereby attaining avery compact and tightlywoven condition in the upper ply, while securing the advantage of a weft-thread in the lower ply in each group of three weft-threads to assist intightly gripping the pile-loops. As compared with ordinary three-shot pile fabrics my-ncw fabric has twice as many pile loops in pro ortion to the weft-threads, and as com are with ordinary two-shot and Other i e fabrics my new fabric effects a saving o' one-fourth of the weft-threads employed. a l

My invention also includes a new arrangement of binder warp-threads whereby greater compactness and rigidity and body of the fabrlcare attained.

I w1ll .now particularly describe the construction of fabrics illustrated in the accompanying drawings and will thereafter point out my lnventionin claims.

Figure 1 is a dia rammatic view illustrating a vertical longitudinal section of a portion of a pile fabric embodying my invention with uncut pile-loops, Fig. 2 is a similar view illustrating the same portion of the fabric with the pile cut and sheared. Figs. 3, 4, 5, and 6 aresimilar .views illustrating modi fied constructions with uncut pileeloops.

In the constructions shown in Figs. 1 to 5, inclusive, the weft-threads are arranged in sets of six weft-threads each, the several weftthreads in each set being designated by the numerals 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,'and 6, respectively. Each of these drawings illustrates two successive sets of weft-threads.

In the construction shown in Fig. 6 the Iweft-threads are arranged in sets of three weft-threads each, the several weft-threads in each set bein numbered 1, 2, and3, re

, spectively', and our successive sets of weftreads being shown. Each of the drawings shows one warpthe sets of warp-threads In the construction shown in Figs. 1 and 2 and hereinafter s ecifically claimed three I: binder warp-threaj s a, b,- and c, and five fig uring warp-threads T, U, V, X, and Yare shown.

Two of the binder warp-threads! and b passfrom fly to ply after every third shot in opposite irections, so as to bind the weft-threads in loops of three weft-thrads each, as u'sual in three-shot pile fabrics.- The third binder warp-thread 0 passes over one of the upper-ply weft-threads in each group of three weft-threads and under the lowerply weft-thread of each group of three weft threads, passing from theupper ply to the I lower ply between the first and second and between the fourth and fifth weft-threads of each set and returning from the lower tply to the up er ply between the second and ourth weft t reads of each set and between the fifth weft-thread of one set and the first weftthreadof the next set, thus additionally bind ing the weft-threads together and producing thereby a more compact and rigid fabric and tending to prevent shrinkage during the weaving .of the fabric. This additional 1 0 binder warp-thread also and more effectively construction shown in Figs. 1 and 2 no stuffer warp-threads are provided, the drag-warp or pile-forming warp-threads not at the time employed as pile-forming threads lying between and separating the two plies.

The figuring warp-threads T, U, V, X, and Y are shown as arranged in five sets and may be of different colors. They are separately brought to the upper surface to form the pile, and the threads unused at any place are buried in the fabric as usual in Brussels and Wilton fabrics. The pile-loops may be formed over longitudinal pile-wires, and a pile-loop is formed for each upper-ply weftthread 1, 3, 4, and 6. Thus there are two pile-loops in each group of three weft-threads and no pile-loops which have to be pulled down to the-lower ply. As shown, the pileforming figuring warp-thread T forms the pile atthe set of six weft-threads shown to the,left, and the pile-forming figuring warpthread U forms the pile at the set of six weftthreads shown to the right. The greater number of weft-threads in the upper ply causes the upper ply to be more tightly beaten up by the lay than the lower ply, and thus the upper-ply weft-threads are forced tightly together and tightly bind the pile, while the lower-ply weft-threads also materially assist in tying the pile tufts or loops tightly up against the upper-ply threads.

In the construction of fabric shown in Fig. 3 the arrangement of binder warp-threads and stuffer warp-threads of ordinary threeshot pile fabrics is employed, two sets of binder warp-threads a and I) and one set of stuffer warp-threads 8 being employed. In other respects the construction of this fabric is the same as of the fabric shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

In the construction of fabric shown in Fig. 4 three binder warp-threads a, b, and c are employed, the binder warp-threads a and 6 being arranged in the same manner as in the constructions heretofore particularly described and the binder warp-thread c passing over one of the upper-ply weftthreads of a group of three weft-threads (shown as the weft-thread 1) and under the lower ply of the next group of weft-threads (shown as the weft-thread 5) so as to additionally bind the fabric, but not so tightly as in the construction shown in Figs. 1 and 2. The stuffer warp-threads are here omitted.

In the construction shown in Fig. 5 three sets of binder warp-threads are employed, the binder warp-threads a and b separately binding the lower-ply weft-threads of each alternate group of three weft-threads and the binder warp-thread 0 remaining always in the upper ply and passing under one weft-thread and 3, respectively, in each set.

of that ply and over the next weft-thread of that ply, and so on throughout the fabric. By this arrangement each weft-thread is bound in a separate loop of binder warpthreads. Here also the stuffer warp-threads are omitted.

In the construction shown in. Fig. 6 the weft-threads are arranged in sets of three weft threads each and are numbered 1, 2, Two sets of binder warp-tlneads are also shown, and a set of stuffer warp-tineads is employed. The binder warp-tlnead a passes over the upperply weft-thread 1 and then through the fabric and under the lower-ply weft-thread 2, and it then passes upward obliquely through the fabric and over the weft-thread 1 of the next set, and so on. The binder warp-thread 1) passes downward obliquely through the fabric and under the weft-tlnead 2 and then upward through the fabric and over the weft-tlnead 3 and then downward obliquely through the fabric and under the weft-thread 2 of the next set, and so on. The stu'll'cr warp-thread 8 passes between the plies, as usual.

In the weaving of my new fabric the ordinary operation of lifting the selected pileforming threads to form the pile when the lay is in backward position, the shed is open, and the shuttle is being thrown to insert the lower-ply weft-tlnead is employed in forming the pile-loops between the first and third weft-threads of each group of three weftthreads; but as there is no following lowerply weft-shot between the last weft-shot of each group of three weft-tlneads and the first weft-shot of each following group of three weft-threads this ordinary operation cannot be employed, and, in place thereof I employ the loom operation described in my Patent No. 780,488, dated June 9, 1.903, for a pile-fabric loom wherein the selected figuring Warp-threads to form the pile are raised for that purpose while the lay 1s in forward position, so that the pile-loop is formed and the figuring warp-tlnead which formed the loop is depressed to the lower part of the shed before the shuttle is thrown to insert the first weft thread in each group of three weftthreads. In other respects the loom operations for weaving my new fabric are such as are ordinarily required for the weaving of the particular fabric which it is intended to produce.

In weaving the fabric shown in Figs. 1 and 2 the first o )eration would be the elevation. of the selecte figuring-warps to form the pile, and then the shed would be formed with the binders a and 0 up and the hind er Z) down and all of the figuring-warps down. The first shot would then be made by the shuttle. For the second shot the binder a would be up and the binders b and 0 down and all of the figuring-warps would be at the upper part of and a down, and all of the figuring-warps. would be down. Then Whenthe lay was in forward position the selected figuringwarpthreads to form the pile would be elevated,

' and thereafter theshed would be formed for I warp-threads down.

fdown.

the fourth shot, with the binders b and a up and the binder a down and all of the figuring For the fifth shot the binder I) would be up and" the binders a and 0 down, and while this shot was being thrown the selected figuringwarps to form the pile would be elevated sufiiciently for thatdpurpose, while all other figuringwarp-threads would be elevated only to the upper part of the shed. For the sixth shot the binder I) would be up and the binders! and a down,

and all of the figuring warp-threads wouldbe This would completefone cycle of operations, which would be're eated for the weft-threads of following sets 0 weft-threads;

The operations of thepile-forminglfiguring warp-threads vwouldbe thes'ame asabove described'for the weaving of all of .thecohstructions of fabric shown, theonlydifferences being'in the operation of thebinder-war threads and of the stufferfwarprthrea swhere stuifers are used, and these operations are sufficiently obvious from the descriptions abovegivenand' need not be further described.

It is obvious that various modifications may be made in the constructions shown and ply weft-thread. I

particularly described within. the principle andscope of rnyinvention. g

. What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is A '1. A pile fabric comprising weftthreads I and binder warp-threads and pile-forming figuring warp-threads, the weft-threads being arranged in two'plies with a greater num ber of weft-threads in the upper ply than in the lower ply, and the pile-forming figuring warp-threads forming a pile bound by each weft-thread in theup er ply only ofthe fabric witha separate pi l 2. A pile fabric com rising weft-threads and binder warp-threads and pile-forming figuring warp-threads, the weft-threads being arranged intwo plies and successively bound by binder warp threads in loops each including three weft-threads, two weftthreads in the upper ply and one Weft-thread in the lower ply, and the pile-forming figuring Warp-threads forming a pile bound by each weft-thread in the u per ply only of the fabric with a separate per-ply weft-thread.

3. A pile fabric comprising weft-threads e-ioo for-eachu er-" p and binder warp-threads and pile-forming pi e-loop for each upand binder warp-threa and binder warp-threads and pile-forming figuring warp-threads .and having an upper and a lower ply, the weft-threads being successively bound by binder warp-threads in loops each including a plurality of weftthreads in the upper ply and a weft-thread in the lower ply, and additional binder warpthreads binding together the weft-threads of the upper and lower plies.

l4. 'Ae pile fabric com rising weft-threads and binder Warp-threa s and pile-forming figurin warp-threads, and having an upper and a owerply with a greater number of weft threads 1n the upper ply than in the lowerply, the weft-threads being successively bound by binder warp-threads in'loops each including a greater number of weft-threads in the. upper ply than in the lower ply, and additiona binder warp-threadsbinding together weft-threads of the upper and lower pliesj i, v "5. A pile fabric com rising weft-threads ds and pile-forming figuringcwarp-threads and having an upper and a lower ply,the weft-threads being suc- -cessively..b ound by binder warp-threads in; loops each including three weft-threads, two

weft-threads in the upper 1y and oneweft thread in the lower ply, an additional binder :1 I

warp-threadsbinding together weft-threads of the upper and lower'plies, p

6'. A pile fabric comprising weft-threads and binder warp-threads and pile-forming figuring warp threads, the weft-threads bea ing arrangedin two plies with twice as many weft-threads in the upper plyas in the lower .ply and the pile-forming figuring war threadsforming a pile boundfby each we 't threadin the upper ply only ofthe fabric 'with aseparate pile-loop for each upper-ply weft-thread. 7. A pile fabric comprising weft-threads and binder warp-threads and pile-forming figuring warp-threads, the weft-threads being arranged in two plies insets of siX weftthreads each, thepile-forming figuring warp threads forming a pile bound byeach weftthread in the upper plyonly of the fabric with a separate weft-thread. i

8. A pilevfabric comprising weft-threads pile-loop for each upper-ply inloops each including a plurality of weft threads in' the upper ply and a weft thread in the lower ply, and the pile-forming figuringwarp-threads forming a pile bound by each weft-thread in the upper-ply onlyof the fabric with a separate pile-loop for each upper-ply weft-thread, and additional binder warp-threads binding together weft-threads of the upper and lower plies.

9. A pile fabric comprising weft-threads and binder Warp-threads and pile-forming figuring warp-threads and having an upper and a lower ply, the weft-threads being successively bound by binder warp-threads in loops each including three weft-threads, two weft-threads in the upper ply and one weftthread in the lower ply, and the pile-forming figuring warp-threads forming a pile bound by each weft-thread in the upper ply only of the fabric with a separate pile-loop for each upper-ply weft-thread, and additional binder Warp-threads binding together weft-threads of the upper and lower plies.

10. A pile fabric comprising weft-threads and binder warp-threads and pile-forming figuring warp-threads and having an upper and a lower ply, the weft-threads being successively bound by binder warp-threads in loops each including three weft-threads, two weft-threads in the upper ply and one weftthread in the lower ply, and the pile-forming figuring warp-threads forming a pile bound by each'weftthread in the upper ply only of the fabric with a separate pile-loop for each upper-ply weft-thread, and additional binder warp-threads binding to ether weft-threads of the upper and lower p ies.

11. A pile fabric comprising Weft-threads and binder warp-threads and pile-forming figuring warp-threads and having an upper and a lower ply, the weft-threads being successively bound by binder warp-threads in loops each including three weft-threads, two weft-threads in the upper ply and one weftthread in the lower ply, and additional binder warp-threads passing over one of the upperply weft-threads and under the lower-ply weft-thread in each group of three weftthreads.

12. A pile fabric coinprisiln weft-threads and binder warp-threads and pile-forming figuring warp-threads and having an upper and a lower ply, the weft-threads being successively bound by binder warp-threads in loops each including three weft-threads, two weft-threads in the upper ply and one weftthread in the lower ply, and the pile-forming figuring warp-threads forming a pile bound by each Weft-thread in the upper ply only of the fabric with a separate pile-loop for each upper-ply weft-thread, and additional binder warp-threads passing over one of the upperply weft-threads and under the lower-ply weft-thread in each group of three weftthreads.

13. A pile fabric comprising weft-threads and binder warp-threads and pile-forming figuring warp-threads, the weft-threads being arranged in two plies in sets of six weftthreads each, four in the upper ply and two in the lower ply, and being successively bound by binder warp-threads in loops each including three weft-threads and the pileforining figuring warp-threads forming a pile bound by each weft-thread in the upper ply only of the fabric with a separate pile-loop for each upper-ply weft-thread, and additional binder warp-threads passing over one of the upper-ply weft-threads and under the lower-ply weft-thread in each group of three weft-threads.

In testimony whereof I have afiixed my signature in presence of two witnesses.

THOMAS BENTON DORNAN.

Witnesses:

GEORGE W. WILGUS, PETER LOYD. 

